Common name for a genus (Lavandula) of fragrant herbs or shrubs of which a Mediterranean subshrub species (L. spica) is grown for ornament in the garden and for its sweet scent when dried. The dried flowers are used to fill sachets and to perfume clothing or linens. Commercially they, and the green parts, are used for making "oil of spike," aromatic vinegar and lavender water.
True lavender, not being fully hardy, is little grown in northern gardens, where it must be protected over winter by mulching. It is more popular, therefore, in the milder Pacific Coast and in the South. As seed produces variable plants, propagation is commonly by cuttings of selected plants. Taken of one-year-old "wood" in spring, these are set in a shady place, 4 inches apart, and kept cultivated for a year.
Topped Lavender
Lavender Flowers
Then they are transplanted not less than 2 feet asunder in permanent quarters in dry, light, limy, friable soil and full sunlight. In such a location they thrive best, develop the maximum fragrance and are least likely to be injured in winter. In wet soils, they grow but poorly; in rich soils, they become lush and sappy, and in both types they lack fragrance and easily succumb to frost.
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
Tuesday, June 28, 2011
Jasmine Gardening
Jasmine (Jasminum) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family Oleaceae, comprising about 200 species. It is native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. Jasmine means 'Gift from God', from Persian yasmin.
Jasmine is cultivated for its fragrant flowers, and is enjoyed in the garden, as a house plant, and as cut flowers. The fragrant flowers are worn in the hair by women in southern and southeast Asia. The flowers are opened at night , when the temperature is low, and can be plucked in the morning.
Jasmine tea is consumed in China, where it is called jasmine-flower tea. Flowers and tea are combined in a machine that control temperature and humidity. It takes about four hours for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavor of the jasmine blossoms. This process may be repeated for as many as seven times to produce highest grades of Jasmine tea. In Japan, jasmine tea is known as Sanpin Cha.
Jasmine syrup is made from an extract of jasmine flowers, and the French are known for their jasmine syrup. In the United States, French-made jasmine syrup is used to make jasmine scones and marshmellows.
India, Egypt, China, and Morocco are producers of jasmine essential oil. The oil is expensive due to the large quantity of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. Jasmine flowers are collected at night because their scent of jasmine is powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for a few days, and then extracted leaving the true jasmine essence.
Jasmine absolute is used in perfume, aromatherapy, and incense. Absolute is similar to essential oil. It is a concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants through the use of solvent extraction techniques or the more labor-intensive method of enfleurage. Whereas essential oils can be typically obtained through steam distillation.
Jasmine sambac is the national flower of Indonesia, where it goes by the name 'Melati Putih'. It is also the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially in Java island.
In Pakistan, Jasminum officinale is the national flower, and is known by 'Chambeli' or 'Yasmine'.
In Philippines, jasmine is known as 'Sampaguita' , and is usually strung on garlands, used to adorn religious images.
In Hawaii, Jasminum fluminense is considered as an invasive species, so as Jasminum dichotomum in Florida.
In Thailand, jasmine flower is an symbol of the mother.
Jasminum auriculatum
Jasminum auriculatum
Author: J.M.Garg (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum
Author: Daniel Feliciano (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum fruticans
Jasminum fruticans
Author: Javier martin (public domain)
Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum
Author: Hedwig Storch (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum mesnyi
Jasminum mesnyi
Author: BotBln (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum multiflorum
Jasminum multiflorum
Author: Forest & Kim Starr (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum nudiflorum
Jasminum nudiflorum
Author: Wildfeuer (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac
Author: Scott Zona (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic)
Jasminum polyanthum
Jasminum polyanthum
Author: KENPEI (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan)
Jasminum laurifolium
Jasminum laurifolium
Author: Monocromatico (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0)
The making of Jasmine tea
The making of Jasmine tea
Author: Daqve Dahl (public domain)
Jasmine is cultivated for its fragrant flowers, and is enjoyed in the garden, as a house plant, and as cut flowers. The fragrant flowers are worn in the hair by women in southern and southeast Asia. The flowers are opened at night , when the temperature is low, and can be plucked in the morning.
Jasmine tea is consumed in China, where it is called jasmine-flower tea. Flowers and tea are combined in a machine that control temperature and humidity. It takes about four hours for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavor of the jasmine blossoms. This process may be repeated for as many as seven times to produce highest grades of Jasmine tea. In Japan, jasmine tea is known as Sanpin Cha.
Jasmine syrup is made from an extract of jasmine flowers, and the French are known for their jasmine syrup. In the United States, French-made jasmine syrup is used to make jasmine scones and marshmellows.
India, Egypt, China, and Morocco are producers of jasmine essential oil. The oil is expensive due to the large quantity of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. Jasmine flowers are collected at night because their scent of jasmine is powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for a few days, and then extracted leaving the true jasmine essence.
Jasmine absolute is used in perfume, aromatherapy, and incense. Absolute is similar to essential oil. It is a concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants through the use of solvent extraction techniques or the more labor-intensive method of enfleurage. Whereas essential oils can be typically obtained through steam distillation.
Jasmine sambac is the national flower of Indonesia, where it goes by the name 'Melati Putih'. It is also the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially in Java island.
In Pakistan, Jasminum officinale is the national flower, and is known by 'Chambeli' or 'Yasmine'.
In Philippines, jasmine is known as 'Sampaguita' , and is usually strung on garlands, used to adorn religious images.
In Hawaii, Jasminum fluminense is considered as an invasive species, so as Jasminum dichotomum in Florida.
In Thailand, jasmine flower is an symbol of the mother.
Jasminum auriculatum
Jasminum auriculatum
Author: J.M.Garg (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum
Author: Daniel Feliciano (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum fruticans
Jasminum fruticans
Author: Javier martin (public domain)
Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum
Author: Hedwig Storch (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum mesnyi
Jasminum mesnyi
Author: BotBln (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum multiflorum
Jasminum multiflorum
Author: Forest & Kim Starr (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum nudiflorum
Jasminum nudiflorum
Author: Wildfeuer (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac
Author: Scott Zona (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic)
Jasminum polyanthum
Jasminum polyanthum
Author: KENPEI (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan)
Jasminum laurifolium
Jasminum laurifolium
Author: Monocromatico (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0)
The making of Jasmine tea
The making of Jasmine tea
Author: Daqve Dahl (public domain)
Sunday, June 26, 2011
Selecting a Site for Growing Roses
Footfalls echo in the memory, Down the passage which we did not take, Towards the door we never opened Into the rose-garden." - T. S. Eliot
Roses prefer a rich, well-drained soil that is slightly acidic (pH between 6.0 - 6.5). They like plenty of water and sun -- at least eight to 10 hours -- and grow best when protected from harsh wind and cold.
So, when selecting a site for your rose garden, look for spots that receive plenty of sun. If you have a choice between morning or afternoon sun, select morning. (Morning sun evaporates dew quickly - keeping leaves dry and fungal diseases at bay.) Note when the shade comes around and for how long. Really get a feel for the amount of sunlight the area receives and the type of soil it has. Roses are very tolerant of different soil conditions, but will thrive in garden soil that is improved with ample amounts of organic matter, such as compost, peat moss or aged animal manures.
While it's awfully tempting to rush out and begin planting right away, it's a good idea to take a moment and plan your attack. Spend some time sketching out what will go where, and avoid growing roses under gutters or eaves where falling snow or ice can damage tender canes. If you're interested, Martha Stewart gives her version of the ultimate rose garden here.
In addition to plenty of light, try and give your roses plenty of room. Don't plant them too closely together. Giving them space will allow air to circulate and will protect them from fungal diseases that thrive on moisture.
Also, figure out how you will water your roses. Is the spot with the most light close to water? Or will you have to lug it? Are sprinklers a possibility? You may have to install underground drip or a sprinkler system to ensure your roses are healthy (see Drip Irrigation for Home Gardens). Healthy roses means plants that will bloom repeatedly.
Roses will survive with a minimum amount of water, but will flourish when grown in well-draining soils with ample amounts of moisture. Most importantly water slowly and deeply. A schedule of two deep waterings per week is far better than several light waterings, which will encourage shallow roots that are easily damaged and cannot adequately anchor the plant. To learn more about watering roses click here.
When possible, water on bright sunny mornings, especially if using overhead sprinklers. This will give the foliage time to dry out before evening, thus preventing many plant diseases (see How to Prevent Rose Disease). Fungal spores are especially prevalent in spring and fall when nights are cool and days are warm. If the leaves are allowed to remain wet through the night, disease can spread rapidly.
Tip: A 2 to 4 inch layer of organic mulch will reduce the need for watering by slowing down soil moisture evaporation.
Roses grown in containers will require more frequent watering because potting mixes are often lighter than garden soil and the amount of soil around the plant is limited by the size of the pot. Watering container-grown roses once a day or even twice daily may be necessary, especially if they are located in a sunny location and the weather turns hot.
Once you've selected your site, record how well your garden does and how you can improve things in the coming years of cultivation. Keep notes about how much your watering, what sort of fertilizer you've used and how your roses have done for the year (see Keeping a Garden Journal). Tracking such things will ensure that your roses will improve each year as you learn from mistakes and find out what works and what doesn't.
Roses prefer a rich, well-drained soil that is slightly acidic (pH between 6.0 - 6.5). They like plenty of water and sun -- at least eight to 10 hours -- and grow best when protected from harsh wind and cold.
So, when selecting a site for your rose garden, look for spots that receive plenty of sun. If you have a choice between morning or afternoon sun, select morning. (Morning sun evaporates dew quickly - keeping leaves dry and fungal diseases at bay.) Note when the shade comes around and for how long. Really get a feel for the amount of sunlight the area receives and the type of soil it has. Roses are very tolerant of different soil conditions, but will thrive in garden soil that is improved with ample amounts of organic matter, such as compost, peat moss or aged animal manures.
While it's awfully tempting to rush out and begin planting right away, it's a good idea to take a moment and plan your attack. Spend some time sketching out what will go where, and avoid growing roses under gutters or eaves where falling snow or ice can damage tender canes. If you're interested, Martha Stewart gives her version of the ultimate rose garden here.
In addition to plenty of light, try and give your roses plenty of room. Don't plant them too closely together. Giving them space will allow air to circulate and will protect them from fungal diseases that thrive on moisture.
Also, figure out how you will water your roses. Is the spot with the most light close to water? Or will you have to lug it? Are sprinklers a possibility? You may have to install underground drip or a sprinkler system to ensure your roses are healthy (see Drip Irrigation for Home Gardens). Healthy roses means plants that will bloom repeatedly.
Roses will survive with a minimum amount of water, but will flourish when grown in well-draining soils with ample amounts of moisture. Most importantly water slowly and deeply. A schedule of two deep waterings per week is far better than several light waterings, which will encourage shallow roots that are easily damaged and cannot adequately anchor the plant. To learn more about watering roses click here.
When possible, water on bright sunny mornings, especially if using overhead sprinklers. This will give the foliage time to dry out before evening, thus preventing many plant diseases (see How to Prevent Rose Disease). Fungal spores are especially prevalent in spring and fall when nights are cool and days are warm. If the leaves are allowed to remain wet through the night, disease can spread rapidly.
Tip: A 2 to 4 inch layer of organic mulch will reduce the need for watering by slowing down soil moisture evaporation.
Roses grown in containers will require more frequent watering because potting mixes are often lighter than garden soil and the amount of soil around the plant is limited by the size of the pot. Watering container-grown roses once a day or even twice daily may be necessary, especially if they are located in a sunny location and the weather turns hot.
Once you've selected your site, record how well your garden does and how you can improve things in the coming years of cultivation. Keep notes about how much your watering, what sort of fertilizer you've used and how your roses have done for the year (see Keeping a Garden Journal). Tracking such things will ensure that your roses will improve each year as you learn from mistakes and find out what works and what doesn't.
Friday, June 17, 2011
Aloe vera, pronounced /ˈæloʊ ˈvɪrə/[1], also known as the true or medicinal aloe, is a species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe that is believed to have originated in the Sudan.[citation needed] Aloe vera grows in arid climates and is widely distributed in Africa, India, and other arid areas. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine. Many scientific studies of the use of extracts of Aloe vera have been undertaken, some of them conflicting.[2][3][4][5] Despite these limitations, there is some preliminary evidence that Aloe vera extracts may be useful in the treatment of wound and burn healing, minor skin infections, Sebaceous cyst, diabetes, and elevated blood lipids in humans.[4] These positive effects are thought to be due to the presence of compounds such as polysaccharides, mannans, anthraquinones, and lectins.
Description
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tall,spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on the upper and lower stem surfaces.[8] The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long.[8][9] Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.[10]
[edit] Taxonomy and etymology
Spotted forms of Aloe vera are sometimes known as Aloe vera var. chinensis.
The species has a number of synonyms: A. barbadensis Mill., Aloe indica Royle, Aloe perfoliata L. var. vera and A. vulgaris Lam.,[11][12] and common names including Chinese Aloe, Indian Aloe, true Aloe, Barbados Aloe, burn Aloe, first aid plant.[9][13][14][15][16] The species name vera means "true" or "genuine."[13] Some literature identifies the white spotted form of Aloe vera as Aloe vera var. chinensis,[17][18] however, the species varies widely with regard to leaf spots [19] and it has been suggested that the spotted form of Aloe vera may be conspecific with A. massawana.[20] The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Aloe perfoliata var. vera,[21] and was described again in 1768 by Nicolaas Laurens Burman as Aloe vera in Flora Indica on the 6th of April and by Philip Miller as Aloe barbadensis some ten days after Burman in the Gardener's Dictionary.[22]
Techniques based on DNA comparison suggest that Aloe vera is relatively closely related to Aloe perryi, a species that is endemic to Yemen.[23] Similar techniques, using chloroplast DNA sequence comparison and ISSR profiling have also suggested that Aloe vera is closely related to Aloe forbesii, Aloe inermis, Aloe scobinifolia, Aloe sinkatana, and Aloe striata.[24] With the exception of South African species A. striata, these Aloe species are native to Socotra (Yemen), Somalia, and Sudan.[24] The lack of obvious natural populations of the species have led some authors to suggest that Aloe vera may be of hybrid origin.[25]
[edit] Distribution
The natural range of Aloe vera is unclear, as the species has been widely cultivated throughout the world. Naturalised stands of the species occur in the southern half of the Arabian peninsula, through North Africa (Morocco, Mauritania, Egypt) as well as Sudan and neighbouring countries, along with the Canary, Cape Verde, and Madeira Islands.[11] This distribution is somewhat similar to the one of Euphorbia balsamifera, Pistacia atlantica, and a few others, suggesting that a dry sclerophyl forest once covered large areas, but has been dramatically reduced due to desertification in the Sahara, leaving these few patches isolated. Several closely related species (or sometimes identical) can be found on the two extreme sides of the Sahara: Dragon trees and Aeonium being some of the most representative examples.
The species was introduced to China and various parts of southern Europe in the 17th century.[26] The species is widely naturalised elsewhere, occurring in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, Barbados, Belize, Nigeria, Paraguay and the US[19][27] It has been suggested that the actual species' distribution is the result of human cultivation and that the taxonomy could be doubtful too.[20]
Description
Aloe vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tall,spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on the upper and lower stem surfaces.[8] The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long.[8][9] Like other Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil.[10]
[edit] Taxonomy and etymology
Spotted forms of Aloe vera are sometimes known as Aloe vera var. chinensis.
The species has a number of synonyms: A. barbadensis Mill., Aloe indica Royle, Aloe perfoliata L. var. vera and A. vulgaris Lam.,[11][12] and common names including Chinese Aloe, Indian Aloe, true Aloe, Barbados Aloe, burn Aloe, first aid plant.[9][13][14][15][16] The species name vera means "true" or "genuine."[13] Some literature identifies the white spotted form of Aloe vera as Aloe vera var. chinensis,[17][18] however, the species varies widely with regard to leaf spots [19] and it has been suggested that the spotted form of Aloe vera may be conspecific with A. massawana.[20] The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Aloe perfoliata var. vera,[21] and was described again in 1768 by Nicolaas Laurens Burman as Aloe vera in Flora Indica on the 6th of April and by Philip Miller as Aloe barbadensis some ten days after Burman in the Gardener's Dictionary.[22]
Techniques based on DNA comparison suggest that Aloe vera is relatively closely related to Aloe perryi, a species that is endemic to Yemen.[23] Similar techniques, using chloroplast DNA sequence comparison and ISSR profiling have also suggested that Aloe vera is closely related to Aloe forbesii, Aloe inermis, Aloe scobinifolia, Aloe sinkatana, and Aloe striata.[24] With the exception of South African species A. striata, these Aloe species are native to Socotra (Yemen), Somalia, and Sudan.[24] The lack of obvious natural populations of the species have led some authors to suggest that Aloe vera may be of hybrid origin.[25]
[edit] Distribution
The natural range of Aloe vera is unclear, as the species has been widely cultivated throughout the world. Naturalised stands of the species occur in the southern half of the Arabian peninsula, through North Africa (Morocco, Mauritania, Egypt) as well as Sudan and neighbouring countries, along with the Canary, Cape Verde, and Madeira Islands.[11] This distribution is somewhat similar to the one of Euphorbia balsamifera, Pistacia atlantica, and a few others, suggesting that a dry sclerophyl forest once covered large areas, but has been dramatically reduced due to desertification in the Sahara, leaving these few patches isolated. Several closely related species (or sometimes identical) can be found on the two extreme sides of the Sahara: Dragon trees and Aeonium being some of the most representative examples.
The species was introduced to China and various parts of southern Europe in the 17th century.[26] The species is widely naturalised elsewhere, occurring in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, Barbados, Belize, Nigeria, Paraguay and the US[19][27] It has been suggested that the actual species' distribution is the result of human cultivation and that the taxonomy could be doubtful too.[20]
Wednesday, June 15, 2011
Introduced plants in the indigenous Pharmacopoeia of Northern South America
Abstract
The intellectual property rights debate focuses on the flow of germplasm from developing tropical countries to developed temperate nations. Few investigators have addressed the converse. We discuss the abundance and importance of introduced plants in pharmacopoeias of northern South America. Introduced species commonly are employed as medicines throughout the region and include at least 216 Eurasian, North American, African, and Pacific species. Among the Shuar of lowland Ecuador, four introduced plants (Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon citratus, Saccharum officinarum, and Zingiber officinale) are included in their most commonly prescribed remedies. The widespread use of introduced plants is due, in part, to the medicinal value of plants whose primary use is for food (e.g., Musa X paradisiacal Similarly, many introduced ornamentals also have therapeutic value (e.g., Hedychium coronarium). Other species have been introduced specifically as medicines (e.g., Aloe vera). Restrictions on the flow of germplasm and plant knowledge may protect the economic interests of governments and national industry. If applied bilaterally, however, constraints on the movement of plants will limit the continued evolution of traditional medicinal systems in areas where they are most needed.
El debate sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual se enfoca principalmente en el movimiento de germoplasma desde los paises en vias de desarrollado de las regíones tropicales hacia los paises desarrollados de la zona templada. Pocos investigadores han examinado lo contrario. Discutimos la abundancia y la importancia de plantas introducidas en las farmacopeas del norte de América del Sur. El uso medicinal de plantas introducidas es mu común y incluye por lo menos 216 especies de Europa, Asia, América del Norte, Africa, y la regián Pacífica. Entre las Shuaras de las tierras bajas de Ecuador, cuatro plantas introducidas (Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon citratus, Saccharum officinarum, and Zingiber officinale) estan incluidas en sus remedios más comunes. El extenso uso de plantas introducidas, es en gran parie, debido al valor medicinal de plantas que tienen su uso primario como alimento (e.g., Musa X paradisiaca). Muchas plantas ornamentales también tienen valor terapéutico (e.g., Hedychium coronarium). Otras especies han sido introducidas específicamente como medicinas (por ejemplo, Aloe vera). Restricciones en el movimiento de germoplasma y conocimiento respecto a plantas quizás protejan el interés económico de gobiernos y industrias nationales. Sin embargo, si se aplica en una manera bilateral, restriciones en el movimiento de plantas limitará la evolutión continuada de sistemas tradiconales de medicina en los regiones en donde son más necesarias.
The intellectual property rights debate focuses on the flow of germplasm from developing tropical countries to developed temperate nations. Few investigators have addressed the converse. We discuss the abundance and importance of introduced plants in pharmacopoeias of northern South America. Introduced species commonly are employed as medicines throughout the region and include at least 216 Eurasian, North American, African, and Pacific species. Among the Shuar of lowland Ecuador, four introduced plants (Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon citratus, Saccharum officinarum, and Zingiber officinale) are included in their most commonly prescribed remedies. The widespread use of introduced plants is due, in part, to the medicinal value of plants whose primary use is for food (e.g., Musa X paradisiacal Similarly, many introduced ornamentals also have therapeutic value (e.g., Hedychium coronarium). Other species have been introduced specifically as medicines (e.g., Aloe vera). Restrictions on the flow of germplasm and plant knowledge may protect the economic interests of governments and national industry. If applied bilaterally, however, constraints on the movement of plants will limit the continued evolution of traditional medicinal systems in areas where they are most needed.
El debate sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual se enfoca principalmente en el movimiento de germoplasma desde los paises en vias de desarrollado de las regíones tropicales hacia los paises desarrollados de la zona templada. Pocos investigadores han examinado lo contrario. Discutimos la abundancia y la importancia de plantas introducidas en las farmacopeas del norte de América del Sur. El uso medicinal de plantas introducidas es mu común y incluye por lo menos 216 especies de Europa, Asia, América del Norte, Africa, y la regián Pacífica. Entre las Shuaras de las tierras bajas de Ecuador, cuatro plantas introducidas (Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon citratus, Saccharum officinarum, and Zingiber officinale) estan incluidas en sus remedios más comunes. El extenso uso de plantas introducidas, es en gran parie, debido al valor medicinal de plantas que tienen su uso primario como alimento (e.g., Musa X paradisiaca). Muchas plantas ornamentales también tienen valor terapéutico (e.g., Hedychium coronarium). Otras especies han sido introducidas específicamente como medicinas (por ejemplo, Aloe vera). Restricciones en el movimiento de germoplasma y conocimiento respecto a plantas quizás protejan el interés económico de gobiernos y industrias nationales. Sin embargo, si se aplica en una manera bilateral, restriciones en el movimiento de plantas limitará la evolutión continuada de sistemas tradiconales de medicina en los regiones en donde son más necesarias.
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
A WHITE GARDEN ROSE
A white garden rose can grab the eye just as quickly as a bright or crimson red rose. Although the majority of rose growing advice applies when growing white roses, there are one or two extra considerations you have to make.
Unlike other rose colors, the white garden rose relies on partial, rather than full sunlight. Although roses normally require a great deal of sunlight, white roses will look far better when they can grab the daylight of dawn or dusk. If this means placing the rose plant in a slightly cooler area, so much the better, because white garden rose plants do not require as much heat as other rose plants. If you would like to have roses in your garden, but you are worried that the cold climates in the winter could kill off your plant, you should consider buying a white garden rose plant. These are better equipped with dealing with cold temperatures compared to roses of other colors.
‘Iceberg’ is a white rose that is extremely easy to grow and keep. ‘Iceberg’ comes as a rose climber, so it will grow upwards, rather than outwards; as well as coming in a bush. However, both varieties produce an abundant amount of crisp white flowers that immediately grab the eye of anyone looking.
‘Bobbie James’ is a rambler white rose, and a favorite of both amateur and experienced gardeners. It has a potent fragrance, and the blossom like blooms are extremely eye catching in any and all gardens. Rambler roses differ from climbing roses, and it’s important that you find out about the plant before purchasing. Shopping online, at least for information, can help prevent plant purchases that simply weren’t meant to be.
The ‘Jeanne Moreau’ rose is perfect if you’re looking for a more classical white rose. This particular rose gives off an incredible fragrance, which lemon lovers will instantly recognize and love. The rose is also quite hardy, and has lots of foliage.
‘Snow Sunblaze’ is a stunning white garden rose, which grows no higher than 12 inches tall. They are incredibly robust for a rose, and they offer a clean white rose. Once in bloom, you can bring this little delight into the home for up to four weeks, allowing you to add a touch of natural purity to your home. ‘Teardrop’ is another white garden rose that can be potted; it’s flowers are very delicate and the flower blossoms regularly during the summer months. It’s light fragrance makes it a real pleasure to have both indoors and outdoors.
There are a variety of white garden roses available, and it pays to check that the plant you desire suits your climate and intended spot. Hybrid rose plants allow even amateur gardeners to successfully grow beautiful rose blooms, and the white garden rose is a great rose to start with, because of it’s harder nature. Don’t be afraid of including the white garden rose in your choice of flower, and bring a classic to your garden.
Unlike other rose colors, the white garden rose relies on partial, rather than full sunlight. Although roses normally require a great deal of sunlight, white roses will look far better when they can grab the daylight of dawn or dusk. If this means placing the rose plant in a slightly cooler area, so much the better, because white garden rose plants do not require as much heat as other rose plants. If you would like to have roses in your garden, but you are worried that the cold climates in the winter could kill off your plant, you should consider buying a white garden rose plant. These are better equipped with dealing with cold temperatures compared to roses of other colors.
‘Iceberg’ is a white rose that is extremely easy to grow and keep. ‘Iceberg’ comes as a rose climber, so it will grow upwards, rather than outwards; as well as coming in a bush. However, both varieties produce an abundant amount of crisp white flowers that immediately grab the eye of anyone looking.
‘Bobbie James’ is a rambler white rose, and a favorite of both amateur and experienced gardeners. It has a potent fragrance, and the blossom like blooms are extremely eye catching in any and all gardens. Rambler roses differ from climbing roses, and it’s important that you find out about the plant before purchasing. Shopping online, at least for information, can help prevent plant purchases that simply weren’t meant to be.
The ‘Jeanne Moreau’ rose is perfect if you’re looking for a more classical white rose. This particular rose gives off an incredible fragrance, which lemon lovers will instantly recognize and love. The rose is also quite hardy, and has lots of foliage.
‘Snow Sunblaze’ is a stunning white garden rose, which grows no higher than 12 inches tall. They are incredibly robust for a rose, and they offer a clean white rose. Once in bloom, you can bring this little delight into the home for up to four weeks, allowing you to add a touch of natural purity to your home. ‘Teardrop’ is another white garden rose that can be potted; it’s flowers are very delicate and the flower blossoms regularly during the summer months. It’s light fragrance makes it a real pleasure to have both indoors and outdoors.
There are a variety of white garden roses available, and it pays to check that the plant you desire suits your climate and intended spot. Hybrid rose plants allow even amateur gardeners to successfully grow beautiful rose blooms, and the white garden rose is a great rose to start with, because of it’s harder nature. Don’t be afraid of including the white garden rose in your choice of flower, and bring a classic to your garden.
Monday, June 13, 2011
Jasmine Gardening
Jasmine (Jasminum) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family Oleaceae, comprising about 200 species. It is native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. Jasmine means 'Gift from God', from Persian yasmin.
Jasmine is cultivated for its fragrant flowers, and is enjoyed in the garden, as a house plant, and as cut flowers. The fragrant flowers are worn in the hair by women in southern and southeast Asia. The flowers are opened at night , when the temperature is low, and can be plucked in the morning.
Jasmine tea is consumed in China, where it is called jasmine-flower tea. Flowers and tea are combined in a machine that control temperature and humidity. It takes about four hours for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavor of the jasmine blossoms. This process may be repeated for as many as seven times to produce highest grades of Jasmine tea. In Japan, jasmine tea is known as Sanpin Cha.
Jasmine syrup is made from an extract of jasmine flowers, and the French are known for their jasmine syrup. In the United States, French-made jasmine syrup is used to make jasmine scones and marshmellows.
India, Egypt, China, and Morocco are producers of jasmine essential oil. The oil is expensive due to the large quantity of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. Jasmine flowers are collected at night because their scent of jasmine is powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for a few days, and then extracted leaving the true jasmine essence.
Jasmine absolute is used in perfume, aromatherapy, and incense. Absolute is similar to essential oil. It is a concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants through the use of solvent extraction techniques or the more labor-intensive method of enfleurage. Whereas essential oils can be typically obtained through steam distillation.
Jasmine sambac is the national flower of Indonesia, where it goes by the name 'Melati Putih'. It is also the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially in Java island.
In Pakistan, Jasminum officinale is the national flower, and is known by 'Chambeli' or 'Yasmine'.
In Philippines, jasmine is known as 'Sampaguita' , and is usually strung on garlands, used to adorn religious images.
In Hawaii, Jasminum fluminense is considered as an invasive species, so as Jasminum dichotomum in Florida.
In Thailand, jasmine flower is an symbol of the mother.
Jasminum auriculatum
Jasminum auriculatum
Author: J.M.Garg (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum
Author: Daniel Feliciano (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum fruticans
Jasminum fruticans
Author: Javier martin (public domain)
Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum
Author: Hedwig Storch (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum mesnyi
Jasminum mesnyi
Author: BotBln (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum multiflorum
Jasminum multiflorum
Author: Forest & Kim Starr (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum nudiflorum
Jasminum nudiflorum
Author: Wildfeuer (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac
Author: Scott Zona (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic)
Jasminum polyanthum
Jasminum polyanthum
Author: KENPEI (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan)
Jasminum laurifolium
Jasminum laurifolium
Author: Monocromatico (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0)
The making of Jasmine tea
The making of Jasmine tea
Author: Daqve Dahl (public domain)
Jasmine is cultivated for its fragrant flowers, and is enjoyed in the garden, as a house plant, and as cut flowers. The fragrant flowers are worn in the hair by women in southern and southeast Asia. The flowers are opened at night , when the temperature is low, and can be plucked in the morning.
Jasmine tea is consumed in China, where it is called jasmine-flower tea. Flowers and tea are combined in a machine that control temperature and humidity. It takes about four hours for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavor of the jasmine blossoms. This process may be repeated for as many as seven times to produce highest grades of Jasmine tea. In Japan, jasmine tea is known as Sanpin Cha.
Jasmine syrup is made from an extract of jasmine flowers, and the French are known for their jasmine syrup. In the United States, French-made jasmine syrup is used to make jasmine scones and marshmellows.
India, Egypt, China, and Morocco are producers of jasmine essential oil. The oil is expensive due to the large quantity of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. Jasmine flowers are collected at night because their scent of jasmine is powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for a few days, and then extracted leaving the true jasmine essence.
Jasmine absolute is used in perfume, aromatherapy, and incense. Absolute is similar to essential oil. It is a concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants through the use of solvent extraction techniques or the more labor-intensive method of enfleurage. Whereas essential oils can be typically obtained through steam distillation.
Jasmine sambac is the national flower of Indonesia, where it goes by the name 'Melati Putih'. It is also the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially in Java island.
In Pakistan, Jasminum officinale is the national flower, and is known by 'Chambeli' or 'Yasmine'.
In Philippines, jasmine is known as 'Sampaguita' , and is usually strung on garlands, used to adorn religious images.
In Hawaii, Jasminum fluminense is considered as an invasive species, so as Jasminum dichotomum in Florida.
In Thailand, jasmine flower is an symbol of the mother.
Jasminum auriculatum
Jasminum auriculatum
Author: J.M.Garg (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum
Author: Daniel Feliciano (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum fruticans
Jasminum fruticans
Author: Javier martin (public domain)
Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum
Author: Hedwig Storch (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum mesnyi
Jasminum mesnyi
Author: BotBln (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum multiflorum
Jasminum multiflorum
Author: Forest & Kim Starr (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)
Jasminum nudiflorum
Jasminum nudiflorum
Author: Wildfeuer (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)
Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac
Author: Scott Zona (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic)
Jasminum polyanthum
Jasminum polyanthum
Author: KENPEI (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan)
Jasminum laurifolium
Jasminum laurifolium
Author: Monocromatico (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0)
The making of Jasmine tea
The making of Jasmine tea
Author: Daqve Dahl (public domain)
Sunday, June 12, 2011
Cultivation notes
All jasmines need a fertile, well-drained soil in full or partial sun. Summer jasmine needs a sheltered spot, full sun and a south- or south west-facing aspect. Winter jasmine is more tolerant of partial shade and a south east or north west aspect. North and north east aspects are best avoided.
Frost hardy species are fine in an unheated conservatory or a cold greenhouse kept frost-free with a small heater. Tender species may require a minimum night temperature of 13-15ºC (55-59ºF).
Jasmines make lovely container specimens. Ensure you use a container with good drainage holes, cover the holes with crocks or grit, and fill with John Innes No 2. Leave space at the top for watering, and place the pot in bright but filtered light.
Watering and feeding
Water freely during spring and summer, when plants are in active growth. Reduce watering in winter. Outdoor plants may not need watering in winter, unless the weather is extremely dry or the ground frozen (in which case watering with lukewarm water may help). Indoor and glasshouse plants need only sparse watering in winter.
Feed containerised jasmine plants monthly with a high potassium liquid feed (such as tomato fertiliser). Border specimens can be top dressed with a balanced, granular fertiliser such as Growmore, or with a high potassium feed such as sulphate of potash. Seaweed feeds and wood ash are potential organic sources of potassium.
Hardiness
Jasminum nudiflorum (winter jasmine) is fully hardy and can be grown outdoors throughout the UK.
Jasminum officinale and J. officinale f. affine (syn. J. grandiflorum), the common summer jasmine, is frost hardy and suitable for outdoor cultivation against a sunny, sheltered wall in mild UK regions only. Elsewhere, it can be grown as a conservatory or glasshouse climber. The same applies to J. fruticans, J. humile, J. beesianum and J. x stephanense.
Jasminum fruticans and J.humile are evergreen or semi-evergreen. J. officinale and J. x stephanense are generally deciduous in the UK. J. beesianum is deciduous or semi-evergreen, depending on the local climate.
Jasminum parkeri, a dwarf shrubby jasmine from the Himalayas, is borderline fully hardy. It can be grown outdoors in mild areas, but is unsuitable for outdoor cultivation in cold areas and in most areas of northern England and Scotland.
The following jasmines are all half-hardy or tender, so must be grown indoors, or in a heated conservatory or glasshouse: J. rex, J. capense (syn. J. angulare),
J. floridum, J. mesnyi, J. odoratissimum, J. polyanthum, J. sambac,
J. dichotomum and J. azoricum.
Frost hardy species are fine in an unheated conservatory or a cold greenhouse kept frost-free with a small heater. Tender species may require a minimum night temperature of 13-15ºC (55-59ºF).
Jasmines make lovely container specimens. Ensure you use a container with good drainage holes, cover the holes with crocks or grit, and fill with John Innes No 2. Leave space at the top for watering, and place the pot in bright but filtered light.
Watering and feeding
Water freely during spring and summer, when plants are in active growth. Reduce watering in winter. Outdoor plants may not need watering in winter, unless the weather is extremely dry or the ground frozen (in which case watering with lukewarm water may help). Indoor and glasshouse plants need only sparse watering in winter.
Feed containerised jasmine plants monthly with a high potassium liquid feed (such as tomato fertiliser). Border specimens can be top dressed with a balanced, granular fertiliser such as Growmore, or with a high potassium feed such as sulphate of potash. Seaweed feeds and wood ash are potential organic sources of potassium.
Hardiness
Jasminum nudiflorum (winter jasmine) is fully hardy and can be grown outdoors throughout the UK.
Jasminum officinale and J. officinale f. affine (syn. J. grandiflorum), the common summer jasmine, is frost hardy and suitable for outdoor cultivation against a sunny, sheltered wall in mild UK regions only. Elsewhere, it can be grown as a conservatory or glasshouse climber. The same applies to J. fruticans, J. humile, J. beesianum and J. x stephanense.
Jasminum fruticans and J.humile are evergreen or semi-evergreen. J. officinale and J. x stephanense are generally deciduous in the UK. J. beesianum is deciduous or semi-evergreen, depending on the local climate.
Jasminum parkeri, a dwarf shrubby jasmine from the Himalayas, is borderline fully hardy. It can be grown outdoors in mild areas, but is unsuitable for outdoor cultivation in cold areas and in most areas of northern England and Scotland.
The following jasmines are all half-hardy or tender, so must be grown indoors, or in a heated conservatory or glasshouse: J. rex, J. capense (syn. J. angulare),
J. floridum, J. mesnyi, J. odoratissimum, J. polyanthum, J. sambac,
J. dichotomum and J. azoricum.
Rose Gardening - Tips for Choosing and Growing Roses in Your Garden
What better way to enjoy the romance of the garden than by growing roses? Rose gardening has gotten a bad wrap in recent years. Growing roses doesn’t have to be a challenge. Chose the right roses for your growing conditions and you’re half way to having a spectacular rose garden. Learn the basics of caring for roses and your rose bushes will be the envy of the neighborhood.
Here, in a nutshell, are the 4 magic ingredients for making your roses happy and your rose garden a reality.
Rose Growing Tips: Soil, Irrigation, Spacing and Sun
Choosing a Rose Bush
Thank goodness there are thousands of rose varieties; more every year. Rose gardeners have all sorts of hopes for their rose gardens. Whether you want a prize winning hybrid tea rose, old fashioned cabbage roses, sprawling ramblers and climbers or just a whiff of the way you remember roses smelling, there’s a rose for you.
Fragrant Roses
Hybrid Tea Roses
Tips on Growing Hybrid Tea Roses
Roses for Shady Areas
Growing Mini-Roses
Rose Gardening: Caring for Your Roses
It’s true there are certain pests and diseases that roses are simply prone to. At some point, every rose gardener will encounter black spot, Japanese beetles, rose chafers and mildew. Don’t let that deter you from rose gardening. It is possible to control problems or to avoid them all together. It’s even possible to rose garden organically. It just takes regular care and some gardening common sense.
Preventing Rose Problems Before They Occur
Diseases of Roses - Avoiding and Dealing with Common Rose Diseases
Organic Rose Gardening
Winter Rose Care - Preparing Your Roses for Winter
Pruning Roses
Perhaps the most confusing and intimidating aspect of rose gardening is pruning. How to prune, when to prune? This is just a matter of knowing what type of rose bush you have and then gaining a little experience. Don’t worry, it’s harder to kill a rose bush by pruning than by neglect.
When and How to Prune Your Roses.
Dealing with Rose Suckers.
Enjoying Your Rose Garden
You have to stop and smell the roses. I’d say there’s no sense in having a rose garden if you’re not going to enjoy it, but there’s really no way that could happen. No other flower elicits such universal pleasure. So here are some tips for sharing the joy of roses.
Here, in a nutshell, are the 4 magic ingredients for making your roses happy and your rose garden a reality.
Rose Growing Tips: Soil, Irrigation, Spacing and Sun
Choosing a Rose Bush
Thank goodness there are thousands of rose varieties; more every year. Rose gardeners have all sorts of hopes for their rose gardens. Whether you want a prize winning hybrid tea rose, old fashioned cabbage roses, sprawling ramblers and climbers or just a whiff of the way you remember roses smelling, there’s a rose for you.
Fragrant Roses
Hybrid Tea Roses
Tips on Growing Hybrid Tea Roses
Roses for Shady Areas
Growing Mini-Roses
Rose Gardening: Caring for Your Roses
It’s true there are certain pests and diseases that roses are simply prone to. At some point, every rose gardener will encounter black spot, Japanese beetles, rose chafers and mildew. Don’t let that deter you from rose gardening. It is possible to control problems or to avoid them all together. It’s even possible to rose garden organically. It just takes regular care and some gardening common sense.
Preventing Rose Problems Before They Occur
Diseases of Roses - Avoiding and Dealing with Common Rose Diseases
Organic Rose Gardening
Winter Rose Care - Preparing Your Roses for Winter
Pruning Roses
Perhaps the most confusing and intimidating aspect of rose gardening is pruning. How to prune, when to prune? This is just a matter of knowing what type of rose bush you have and then gaining a little experience. Don’t worry, it’s harder to kill a rose bush by pruning than by neglect.
When and How to Prune Your Roses.
Dealing with Rose Suckers.
Enjoying Your Rose Garden
You have to stop and smell the roses. I’d say there’s no sense in having a rose garden if you’re not going to enjoy it, but there’s really no way that could happen. No other flower elicits such universal pleasure. So here are some tips for sharing the joy of roses.
Friday, June 10, 2011
Different Rose Types
All the different types of roses can cause confusion for many people and possibly deters many people from growing roses. The whole are of classification of roses is a touchy subject for some. The American Rose Society has introduced a classifiacation system that goes a long way towards clearing up the confusion. Here is their
classification of different types of roses
and how the All American Rose Society classifies new types of roses.
On this page I wil give my simplified version of the different rose types which I think works fine for the average gardener. At the bottom of this page you can find a links to a page with more information describing the different types of roses. However, I think that the following explanation covers the basics well enough for the ordinary gardener looking for information.
Hybrid Tea Rose Type
These types are often referred to as large flowered roses. They flower from early summer until the first frost. The blooms appear in flushes of full, double flowers borne in small clusters at the tip of each stem. For those whoare into growing roses for competition these are the types of roses that are grown. More information on
Hybrid Tea Roses
Floribunda Rose Type
As of late people are now referring to these types as cluster flowered. There blooms appear on many small branches at the end of the stem. generally the flowers are small. These are available in single or double, although the double flowered type will not produce the quality of bloom associated with the single. These will flower freely all summer long. More information on Floribunda Roses.
Standard Rose Type or Rose Trees
These are floribunda or hybrid tea roses grown on a tall single stem. Generally they are used for formal landscaping or to inject a little height. usually they are more expensive than the other types of roses. Here is another article on rose trees.
Climbing Roses
These are probably most peoples favorites as they can totally transform the appearance of a house, shed, a wall, in fact anywhere that could do with a makeover. There are a few diferent types of these roses with my favorite being the repeat flowering type that flowers through the entire summer. Ramblers will not do that and many other climbing roses will not repeat either. The stems are usually a lot stiffer than rambling roses so you would ned to train them in early. More information about Climbing Roses.
Rambling Roses
Like the rambler types these roses are excellent for pergolas and rambling through trees. it is not a good idea to grow these rosesagainst a wall as the lack of air circulation only encourages mildew. The blooms usually only appear in one dramatic flush in early summer. Their stems are softer and more supple than climbers and will need support. Additional article on Climbing Roses.
Shrub Rose Types
This grouping contains a whole range of different rose types. Growing roses like this involves very little pruning for they should be grown as their name suggests, as shrubs. The beauty of these rose types is the wide range of options they provide from delightful scents to double or single blooms and generally disease resistant. They can be once blooming in early summer or there are the repeat flowering types. They can be a little on the large side for smaller gardens but as with all roses there are a few exceptions. Here is another article on Shrub Roses.
classification of different types of roses
and how the All American Rose Society classifies new types of roses.
On this page I wil give my simplified version of the different rose types which I think works fine for the average gardener. At the bottom of this page you can find a links to a page with more information describing the different types of roses. However, I think that the following explanation covers the basics well enough for the ordinary gardener looking for information.
Hybrid Tea Rose Type
These types are often referred to as large flowered roses. They flower from early summer until the first frost. The blooms appear in flushes of full, double flowers borne in small clusters at the tip of each stem. For those whoare into growing roses for competition these are the types of roses that are grown. More information on
Hybrid Tea Roses
Floribunda Rose Type
As of late people are now referring to these types as cluster flowered. There blooms appear on many small branches at the end of the stem. generally the flowers are small. These are available in single or double, although the double flowered type will not produce the quality of bloom associated with the single. These will flower freely all summer long. More information on Floribunda Roses.
Standard Rose Type or Rose Trees
These are floribunda or hybrid tea roses grown on a tall single stem. Generally they are used for formal landscaping or to inject a little height. usually they are more expensive than the other types of roses. Here is another article on rose trees.
Climbing Roses
These are probably most peoples favorites as they can totally transform the appearance of a house, shed, a wall, in fact anywhere that could do with a makeover. There are a few diferent types of these roses with my favorite being the repeat flowering type that flowers through the entire summer. Ramblers will not do that and many other climbing roses will not repeat either. The stems are usually a lot stiffer than rambling roses so you would ned to train them in early. More information about Climbing Roses.
Rambling Roses
Like the rambler types these roses are excellent for pergolas and rambling through trees. it is not a good idea to grow these rosesagainst a wall as the lack of air circulation only encourages mildew. The blooms usually only appear in one dramatic flush in early summer. Their stems are softer and more supple than climbers and will need support. Additional article on Climbing Roses.
Shrub Rose Types
This grouping contains a whole range of different rose types. Growing roses like this involves very little pruning for they should be grown as their name suggests, as shrubs. The beauty of these rose types is the wide range of options they provide from delightful scents to double or single blooms and generally disease resistant. They can be once blooming in early summer or there are the repeat flowering types. They can be a little on the large side for smaller gardens but as with all roses there are a few exceptions. Here is another article on Shrub Roses.
Tuesday, June 7, 2011
101 Tips for How To Grow Roses In Your Garden
Think of a flower and almost certainly you think of a rose first ...Flowers are a great addition to any garden, and/or room's decor. Flowers add color, scent or fragrance, and elegance in what might be otherwise, dingy spaces. The ideal flower for most floral arrangements are roses. The are used extensively in weddings.
I live in Bedfordview East of Johannesburg and our home is in a wonderful complex called Hingham Field ... this complex is characterised by its massive blooms of white floribunda roses called Iceberg in every garden and on every corner and island.. They grow in profusion and even throughout last winter there were always some of these glorious white rose shrubs in bloom.
growing roses for beginners Roses especially in different colours have always been ...
a symbol of peace ... white rose
a symbol of love ... red roses
a symbol of friendship, and even death ... pink rose
Over the years, roses have come to symbolize great taste and style during events such as weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays. They are always the flower of choice when someone is hoping to create a special and lasting relationship with another person. The rose and hybrid varieties of roses has probably been the most intensively studied of all garden flowers and every home owner with a garden has been able to benefit. The fact that anybody can grow a rose garden is also one of the main reasons for the popularity of a rose garden. They can be grow in almost any soil condition.
I live in Bedfordview East of Johannesburg and our home is in a wonderful complex called Hingham Field ... this complex is characterised by its massive blooms of white floribunda roses called Iceberg in every garden and on every corner and island.. They grow in profusion and even throughout last winter there were always some of these glorious white rose shrubs in bloom.
growing roses for beginners Roses especially in different colours have always been ...
a symbol of peace ... white rose
a symbol of love ... red roses
a symbol of friendship, and even death ... pink rose
Over the years, roses have come to symbolize great taste and style during events such as weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays. They are always the flower of choice when someone is hoping to create a special and lasting relationship with another person. The rose and hybrid varieties of roses has probably been the most intensively studied of all garden flowers and every home owner with a garden has been able to benefit. The fact that anybody can grow a rose garden is also one of the main reasons for the popularity of a rose garden. They can be grow in almost any soil condition.
Monday, June 6, 2011
Jasmine
Jasmine
Jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum) - USDA Zone 9 through 11. It is generally a woody shrub, or a climbing or trailing vine. There are 200 species, mostly from Asia, Europe and Africa. Jasmine is native to tropical and warm temperate regions. It reaches to a height of 10 to 15 feet, growing approximately 12 to 24 inches per year.Jasmine leaves are either evergreen or deciduous. The leaf arrangement is opposite in most species. Leaf shape is simple, tri-foliate or pinnate with five to nine leaflets, each up to two and half inches long. Some are yellow in color while most of the species bear white flowers which are one inch in size. Flowers in the olive family, known as Oleaceae, usually have four corolla lobes but Jasmine is an exception having five or sixes lobes. Petals have strong and sweet fragrance. Flowering takes place in summer or spring, usually six months after planting.
Jasmine Growing Conditions
Jasmine prefer full sun to partial shade and a warm site. They grow well in moist, well drained, sandy loam to clayey garden soil with moderate level of fertility. Adding of leaf molds to the soil makes it better for the growth of the plant. Mild fertilizer should be applied during spring.
Plenty of water should be given during summer but this can be reduced during winter. If the plant is to be grown indoors, then bright, indirect or curtain-filtered sunlight should be given. In winter these indoor plant should be provided with full sunlight up to at least four hours a day. Temperature should range from 68 to 72 degree Fahrenheit at night, during day 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit will be an ideal range of temperature.
Jasmine Care and Cultivation
One or two initial ploughings are required to remove the weeds present in the land. It should be followed by the digging of pits at a size of thirty centimeters. Farmyard Manure (FYM) should be used to fill these digs.
Jasmine bushes should be planted during June to November. Plants should be kept at least eight feet apart in order to allow for the full grown size of the plant. Additional fertilizer should be added each spring. Phosphorous and Potassium should be applied in two split doses, once after annual pruning and again during June and July.
Younger plants should be tied with the stems to give a fairly heavy support. Tips of the plants should be pinched to stimulate lateral growth and frequent pruning should be done to restrain growth. If the vine is to be grown as a ground-cover, the upward twining stems will need trimming. First irrigation should be given immediately after planting and subsequent irrigation at an interval of seven to ten days. Stem cutting and sowing of seeds are handy methods for the propagation of the plant.
•Mild fertilizers are required for best growth.
•Temperature must be controlled.
•Jasmine needs regular pinching and shaping to control growth.
•If not planted at a proper distance, plants will quickly become crowded.
•Containerized plants should be planted in the fall.
•Fully developed, unopened flower buds should be picked in early morning.
Jasmine Uses
•Dried flowers of Arabian Jasmine are used to flavor Jasmine tea
•Flowers are used to make garlands.
•Its oil is used in perfumes and food flavorings.
•It is used in Ayurvedic medicines.
•Jasmine is used for mouth ulcers, and its fresh juice is applied to corns.
•It is also used as an alternative for cancers as well as viral and bacterial infections.
•It has antidepressant, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, sedative and uterine supporting properties.
Jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum) - USDA Zone 9 through 11. It is generally a woody shrub, or a climbing or trailing vine. There are 200 species, mostly from Asia, Europe and Africa. Jasmine is native to tropical and warm temperate regions. It reaches to a height of 10 to 15 feet, growing approximately 12 to 24 inches per year.Jasmine leaves are either evergreen or deciduous. The leaf arrangement is opposite in most species. Leaf shape is simple, tri-foliate or pinnate with five to nine leaflets, each up to two and half inches long. Some are yellow in color while most of the species bear white flowers which are one inch in size. Flowers in the olive family, known as Oleaceae, usually have four corolla lobes but Jasmine is an exception having five or sixes lobes. Petals have strong and sweet fragrance. Flowering takes place in summer or spring, usually six months after planting.
Jasmine Growing Conditions
Jasmine prefer full sun to partial shade and a warm site. They grow well in moist, well drained, sandy loam to clayey garden soil with moderate level of fertility. Adding of leaf molds to the soil makes it better for the growth of the plant. Mild fertilizer should be applied during spring.
Plenty of water should be given during summer but this can be reduced during winter. If the plant is to be grown indoors, then bright, indirect or curtain-filtered sunlight should be given. In winter these indoor plant should be provided with full sunlight up to at least four hours a day. Temperature should range from 68 to 72 degree Fahrenheit at night, during day 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit will be an ideal range of temperature.
Jasmine Care and Cultivation
One or two initial ploughings are required to remove the weeds present in the land. It should be followed by the digging of pits at a size of thirty centimeters. Farmyard Manure (FYM) should be used to fill these digs.
Jasmine bushes should be planted during June to November. Plants should be kept at least eight feet apart in order to allow for the full grown size of the plant. Additional fertilizer should be added each spring. Phosphorous and Potassium should be applied in two split doses, once after annual pruning and again during June and July.
Younger plants should be tied with the stems to give a fairly heavy support. Tips of the plants should be pinched to stimulate lateral growth and frequent pruning should be done to restrain growth. If the vine is to be grown as a ground-cover, the upward twining stems will need trimming. First irrigation should be given immediately after planting and subsequent irrigation at an interval of seven to ten days. Stem cutting and sowing of seeds are handy methods for the propagation of the plant.
•Mild fertilizers are required for best growth.
•Temperature must be controlled.
•Jasmine needs regular pinching and shaping to control growth.
•If not planted at a proper distance, plants will quickly become crowded.
•Containerized plants should be planted in the fall.
•Fully developed, unopened flower buds should be picked in early morning.
Jasmine Uses
•Dried flowers of Arabian Jasmine are used to flavor Jasmine tea
•Flowers are used to make garlands.
•Its oil is used in perfumes and food flavorings.
•It is used in Ayurvedic medicines.
•Jasmine is used for mouth ulcers, and its fresh juice is applied to corns.
•It is also used as an alternative for cancers as well as viral and bacterial infections.
•It has antidepressant, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, sedative and uterine supporting properties.
Sunday, June 5, 2011
Rock Jasmine
This low-growing plant is perhaps the epitome of the alpine plant. Its small size would make it hardly noticeable elsewhere, but it really shines when given its own niche in a rock garden.
Rock jasmine is a low-growing plant that needs well-draining soil.
Description of rock jasmine: Umbels of small pink flowers appear on 5-inch stems in spring, almost hiding the foliage. The hairy, silvery 1 1/2-inch leaves form a dense rosette. Rock jasmine produces numerous runners and quickly surrounds itself with offsets so that the plant forms a thick clump up to 2 feet in diameter, although the individual rosettes are quite tiny. Ease of care: Moderately difficult.
Growing rock jasmine: Rock jasmine requires perfect drainage and should be mulched with stone chips. It can be grown in full sun in colder climates, but needs partial shade elsewhere since it does not tolerate heat. Water regularly during periods of drought.
Propagating rock jasmine: Separate and root the plantlets that form at the end of stolons.
Uses for rock jasmine: The rock jasmine's need for perfect drainage makes it an ideal candidate for scree gardens, rock clefts, and rock walls.
Rock jasmine related species: A sarmentosa is probably one of the hardiest of the genus. A lanuginosa forms a mat with silky, silver leaves; it is hardy to zone 6. A. sempervivoides is a much smaller plant, forming clumps only 9 inches across and 2 inches high on 4-inch flower stalks.
Rock jasmine is a low-growing plant that needs well-draining soil.
Description of rock jasmine: Umbels of small pink flowers appear on 5-inch stems in spring, almost hiding the foliage. The hairy, silvery 1 1/2-inch leaves form a dense rosette. Rock jasmine produces numerous runners and quickly surrounds itself with offsets so that the plant forms a thick clump up to 2 feet in diameter, although the individual rosettes are quite tiny. Ease of care: Moderately difficult.
Growing rock jasmine: Rock jasmine requires perfect drainage and should be mulched with stone chips. It can be grown in full sun in colder climates, but needs partial shade elsewhere since it does not tolerate heat. Water regularly during periods of drought.
Propagating rock jasmine: Separate and root the plantlets that form at the end of stolons.
Uses for rock jasmine: The rock jasmine's need for perfect drainage makes it an ideal candidate for scree gardens, rock clefts, and rock walls.
Rock jasmine related species: A sarmentosa is probably one of the hardiest of the genus. A lanuginosa forms a mat with silky, silver leaves; it is hardy to zone 6. A. sempervivoides is a much smaller plant, forming clumps only 9 inches across and 2 inches high on 4-inch flower stalks.
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