Monday, June 13, 2011

Jasmine Gardening

Jasmine (Jasminum) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family Oleaceae, comprising about 200 species. It is native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. Jasmine means 'Gift from God', from Persian yasmin.

Jasmine is cultivated for its fragrant flowers, and is enjoyed in the garden, as a house plant, and as cut flowers. The fragrant flowers are worn in the hair by women in southern and southeast Asia. The flowers are opened at night , when the temperature is low, and can be plucked in the morning.

Jasmine tea is consumed in China, where it is called jasmine-flower tea. Flowers and tea are combined in a machine that control temperature and humidity. It takes about four hours for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavor of the jasmine blossoms. This process may be repeated for as many as seven times to produce highest grades of Jasmine tea. In Japan, jasmine tea is known as Sanpin Cha.

Jasmine syrup is made from an extract of jasmine flowers, and the French are known for their jasmine syrup. In the United States, French-made jasmine syrup is used to make jasmine scones and marshmellows.

India, Egypt, China, and Morocco are producers of jasmine essential oil. The oil is expensive due to the large quantity of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. Jasmine flowers are collected at night because their scent of jasmine is powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for a few days, and then extracted leaving the true jasmine essence.

Jasmine absolute is used in perfume, aromatherapy, and incense. Absolute is similar to essential oil. It is a concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants through the use of solvent extraction techniques or the more labor-intensive method of enfleurage. Whereas essential oils can be typically obtained through steam distillation.

Jasmine sambac is the national flower of Indonesia, where it goes by the name 'Melati Putih'. It is also the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially in Java island.

In Pakistan, Jasminum officinale is the national flower, and is known by 'Chambeli' or 'Yasmine'.

In Philippines, jasmine is known as 'Sampaguita' , and is usually strung on garlands, used to adorn religious images.

In Hawaii, Jasminum fluminense is considered as an invasive species, so as Jasminum dichotomum in Florida.

In Thailand, jasmine flower is an symbol of the mother.


Jasminum auriculatum
Jasminum auriculatum
Author: J.M.Garg (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)

Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum
Author: Daniel Feliciano (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)

Jasminum fruticans
Jasminum fruticans
Author: Javier martin (public domain)

Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum
Author: Hedwig Storch (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)

Jasminum mesnyi
Jasminum mesnyi
Author: BotBln (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)

Jasminum multiflorum
Jasminum multiflorum
Author: Forest & Kim Starr (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0-unported)

Jasminum nudiflorum
Jasminum nudiflorum
Author: Wildfeuer (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic)

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac
Author: Scott Zona (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic)

Jasminum polyanthum
Jasminum polyanthum
Author: KENPEI (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan)

Jasminum laurifolium
Jasminum laurifolium
Author: Monocromatico (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0)

The making of Jasmine tea
The making of Jasmine tea
Author: Daqve Dahl (public domain)

Sunday, June 12, 2011

Cultivation notes

All jasmines need a fertile, well-drained soil in full or partial sun. Summer jasmine needs a sheltered spot, full sun and a south- or south west-facing aspect. Winter jasmine is more tolerant of partial shade and a south east or north west aspect. North and north east aspects are best avoided.

Frost hardy species are fine in an unheated conservatory or a cold greenhouse kept frost-free with a small heater. Tender species may require a minimum night temperature of 13-15ºC (55-59ºF).

Jasmines make lovely container specimens. Ensure you use a container with good drainage holes, cover the holes with crocks or grit, and fill with John Innes No 2. Leave space at the top for watering, and place the pot in bright but filtered light.
Watering and feeding

Water freely during spring and summer, when plants are in active growth. Reduce watering in winter. Outdoor plants may not need watering in winter, unless the weather is extremely dry or the ground frozen (in which case watering with lukewarm water may help). Indoor and glasshouse plants need only sparse watering in winter.

Feed containerised jasmine plants monthly with a high potassium liquid feed (such as tomato fertiliser). Border specimens can be top dressed with a balanced, granular fertiliser such as Growmore, or with a high potassium feed such as sulphate of potash. Seaweed feeds and wood ash are potential organic sources of potassium.
Hardiness

Jasminum nudiflorum (winter jasmine) is fully hardy and can be grown outdoors throughout the UK.

Jasminum officinale and J. officinale f. affine (syn. J. grandiflorum), the common summer jasmine, is frost hardy and suitable for outdoor cultivation against a sunny, sheltered wall in mild UK regions only. Elsewhere, it can be grown as a conservatory or glasshouse climber. The same applies to J. fruticans, J. humile, J. beesianum and J. x stephanense.

Jasminum fruticans and J.humile are evergreen or semi-evergreen. J. officinale and J. x stephanense are generally deciduous in the UK. J. beesianum is deciduous or semi-evergreen, depending on the local climate.

Jasminum parkeri, a dwarf shrubby jasmine from the Himalayas, is borderline fully hardy. It can be grown outdoors in mild areas, but is unsuitable for outdoor cultivation in cold areas and in most areas of northern England and Scotland.

The following jasmines are all half-hardy or tender, so must be grown indoors, or in a heated conservatory or glasshouse: J. rex, J. capense (syn. J. angulare),
J. floridum, J. mesnyi, J. odoratissimum, J. polyanthum, J. sambac,
J. dichotomum and J. azoricum.

Rose Gardening - Tips for Choosing and Growing Roses in Your Garden

What better way to enjoy the romance of the garden than by growing roses? Rose gardening has gotten a bad wrap in recent years. Growing roses doesn’t have to be a challenge. Chose the right roses for your growing conditions and you’re half way to having a spectacular rose garden. Learn the basics of caring for roses and your rose bushes will be the envy of the neighborhood.

Here, in a nutshell, are the 4 magic ingredients for making your roses happy and your rose garden a reality.

Rose Growing Tips: Soil, Irrigation, Spacing and Sun


Choosing a Rose Bush
Thank goodness there are thousands of rose varieties; more every year. Rose gardeners have all sorts of hopes for their rose gardens. Whether you want a prize winning hybrid tea rose, old fashioned cabbage roses, sprawling ramblers and climbers or just a whiff of the way you remember roses smelling, there’s a rose for you.

Fragrant Roses
Hybrid Tea Roses
Tips on Growing Hybrid Tea Roses
Roses for Shady Areas
Growing Mini-Roses


Rose Gardening: Caring for Your Roses
It’s true there are certain pests and diseases that roses are simply prone to. At some point, every rose gardener will encounter black spot, Japanese beetles, rose chafers and mildew. Don’t let that deter you from rose gardening. It is possible to control problems or to avoid them all together. It’s even possible to rose garden organically. It just takes regular care and some gardening common sense.

Preventing Rose Problems Before They Occur

Diseases of Roses - Avoiding and Dealing with Common Rose Diseases

Organic Rose Gardening

Winter Rose Care - Preparing Your Roses for Winter


Pruning Roses
Perhaps the most confusing and intimidating aspect of rose gardening is pruning. How to prune, when to prune? This is just a matter of knowing what type of rose bush you have and then gaining a little experience. Don’t worry, it’s harder to kill a rose bush by pruning than by neglect.

When and How to Prune Your Roses.

Dealing with Rose Suckers.


Enjoying Your Rose Garden
You have to stop and smell the roses. I’d say there’s no sense in having a rose garden if you’re not going to enjoy it, but there’s really no way that could happen. No other flower elicits such universal pleasure. So here are some tips for sharing the joy of roses.

Friday, June 10, 2011

Different Rose Types

All the different types of roses can cause confusion for many people and possibly deters many people from growing roses. The whole are of classification of roses is a touchy subject for some. The American Rose Society has introduced a classifiacation system that goes a long way towards clearing up the confusion. Here is their
classification of different types of roses

and how the All American Rose Society classifies new types of roses.

On this page I wil give my simplified version of the different rose types which I think works fine for the average gardener. At the bottom of this page you can find a links to a page with more information describing the different types of roses. However, I think that the following explanation covers the basics well enough for the ordinary gardener looking for information.

Hybrid Tea Rose Type

These types are often referred to as large flowered roses. They flower from early summer until the first frost. The blooms appear in flushes of full, double flowers borne in small clusters at the tip of each stem. For those whoare into growing roses for competition these are the types of roses that are grown. More information on
Hybrid Tea Roses


Floribunda Rose Type

As of late people are now referring to these types as cluster flowered. There blooms appear on many small branches at the end of the stem. generally the flowers are small. These are available in single or double, although the double flowered type will not produce the quality of bloom associated with the single. These will flower freely all summer long. More information on Floribunda Roses.


Standard Rose Type or Rose Trees

These are floribunda or hybrid tea roses grown on a tall single stem. Generally they are used for formal landscaping or to inject a little height. usually they are more expensive than the other types of roses. Here is another article on rose trees.

Climbing Roses

These are probably most peoples favorites as they can totally transform the appearance of a house, shed, a wall, in fact anywhere that could do with a makeover. There are a few diferent types of these roses with my favorite being the repeat flowering type that flowers through the entire summer. Ramblers will not do that and many other climbing roses will not repeat either. The stems are usually a lot stiffer than rambling roses so you would ned to train them in early. More information about Climbing Roses.


Rambling Roses

Like the rambler types these roses are excellent for pergolas and rambling through trees. it is not a good idea to grow these rosesagainst a wall as the lack of air circulation only encourages mildew. The blooms usually only appear in one dramatic flush in early summer. Their stems are softer and more supple than climbers and will need support. Additional article on Climbing Roses.


Shrub Rose Types

This grouping contains a whole range of different rose types. Growing roses like this involves very little pruning for they should be grown as their name suggests, as shrubs. The beauty of these rose types is the wide range of options they provide from delightful scents to double or single blooms and generally disease resistant. They can be once blooming in early summer or there are the repeat flowering types. They can be a little on the large side for smaller gardens but as with all roses there are a few exceptions. Here is another article on Shrub Roses.

Tuesday, June 7, 2011

101 Tips for How To Grow Roses In Your Garden

Think of a flower and almost certainly you think of a rose first ...Flowers are a great addition to any garden, and/or room's decor. Flowers add color, scent or fragrance, and elegance in what might be otherwise, dingy spaces. The ideal flower for most floral arrangements are roses. The are used extensively in weddings.

I live in Bedfordview East of Johannesburg and our home is in a wonderful complex called Hingham Field ... this complex is characterised by its massive blooms of white floribunda roses called Iceberg in every garden and on every corner and island.. They grow in profusion and even throughout last winter there were always some of these glorious white rose shrubs in bloom.

growing roses for beginners Roses especially in different colours have always been ...

a symbol of peace ... white rose
a symbol of love ... red roses
a symbol of friendship, and even death ... pink rose

Over the years, roses have come to symbolize great taste and style during events such as weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays. They are always the flower of choice when someone is hoping to create a special and lasting relationship with another person. The rose and hybrid varieties of roses has probably been the most intensively studied of all garden flowers and every home owner with a garden has been able to benefit. The fact that anybody can grow a rose garden is also one of the main reasons for the popularity of a rose garden. They can be grow in almost any soil condition.

Monday, June 6, 2011

Jasmine

Jasmine
Jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum) - USDA Zone 9 through 11. It is generally a woody shrub, or a climbing or trailing vine. There are 200 species, mostly from Asia, Europe and Africa. Jasmine is native to tropical and warm temperate regions. It reaches to a height of 10 to 15 feet, growing approximately 12 to 24 inches per year.Jasmine leaves are either evergreen or deciduous. The leaf arrangement is opposite in most species. Leaf shape is simple, tri-foliate or pinnate with five to nine leaflets, each up to two and half inches long. Some are yellow in color while most of the species bear white flowers which are one inch in size. Flowers in the olive family, known as Oleaceae, usually have four corolla lobes but Jasmine is an exception having five or sixes lobes. Petals have strong and sweet fragrance. Flowering takes place in summer or spring, usually six months after planting.

Jasmine Growing Conditions
Jasmine prefer full sun to partial shade and a warm site. They grow well in moist, well drained, sandy loam to clayey garden soil with moderate level of fertility. Adding of leaf molds to the soil makes it better for the growth of the plant. Mild fertilizer should be applied during spring.

Plenty of water should be given during summer but this can be reduced during winter. If the plant is to be grown indoors, then bright, indirect or curtain-filtered sunlight should be given. In winter these indoor plant should be provided with full sunlight up to at least four hours a day. Temperature should range from 68 to 72 degree Fahrenheit at night, during day 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit will be an ideal range of temperature.

Jasmine Care and Cultivation


One or two initial ploughings are required to remove the weeds present in the land. It should be followed by the digging of pits at a size of thirty centimeters. Farmyard Manure (FYM) should be used to fill these digs.

Jasmine bushes should be planted during June to November. Plants should be kept at least eight feet apart in order to allow for the full grown size of the plant. Additional fertilizer should be added each spring. Phosphorous and Potassium should be applied in two split doses, once after annual pruning and again during June and July.

Younger plants should be tied with the stems to give a fairly heavy support. Tips of the plants should be pinched to stimulate lateral growth and frequent pruning should be done to restrain growth. If the vine is to be grown as a ground-cover, the upward twining stems will need trimming. First irrigation should be given immediately after planting and subsequent irrigation at an interval of seven to ten days. Stem cutting and sowing of seeds are handy methods for the propagation of the plant.

•Mild fertilizers are required for best growth.
•Temperature must be controlled.
•Jasmine needs regular pinching and shaping to control growth.
•If not planted at a proper distance, plants will quickly become crowded.
•Containerized plants should be planted in the fall.
•Fully developed, unopened flower buds should be picked in early morning.
Jasmine Uses
•Dried flowers of Arabian Jasmine are used to flavor Jasmine tea
•Flowers are used to make garlands.
•Its oil is used in perfumes and food flavorings.
•It is used in Ayurvedic medicines.
•Jasmine is used for mouth ulcers, and its fresh juice is applied to corns.
•It is also used as an alternative for cancers as well as viral and bacterial infections.
•It has antidepressant, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, sedative and uterine supporting properties.

Sunday, June 5, 2011

Rock Jasmine

This low-growing plant is perhaps the epitome of the alpine plant. Its small size would make it hardly noticeable elsewhere, but it really shines when given its own niche in a rock garden.



Rock jasmine is a low-growing plant that needs well-draining soil.




Description of rock jasmine: Umbels of small pink flowers appear on 5-inch stems in spring, almost hiding the foliage. The hairy, silvery 1 1/2-inch leaves form a dense rosette. Rock jasmine produces numerous runners and quickly surrounds itself with offsets so that the plant forms a thick clump up to 2 feet in diameter, although the individual rosettes are quite tiny. Ease of care: Moderately difficult.


Growing rock jasmine: Rock jasmine requires perfect drainage and should be mulched with stone chips. It can be grown in full sun in colder climates, but needs partial shade elsewhere since it does not tolerate heat. Water regularly during periods of drought.

Propagating rock jasmine: Separate and root the plantlets that form at the end of stolons.

Uses for rock jasmine: The rock jasmine's need for perfect drainage makes it an ideal candidate for scree gardens, rock clefts, and rock walls.

Rock jasmine related species: A sarmentosa is probably one of the hardiest of the genus. A lanuginosa forms a mat with silky, silver leaves; it is hardy to zone 6. A. sempervivoides is a much smaller plant, forming clumps only 9 inches across and 2 inches high on 4-inch flower stalks.